The emerging field of matermetallomics refers to all research activities aimed at the clarification of the role and function of metallic elements in materials. This paper discusses the concept of matermetallomics and the related analytical techniques used for probing the interactions between structure-activity relationships. The main object of matermetallomics research is metallic elements in materials, and includes the significance and contributions to materials science. This paper also introduces the analytical approaches used in matermetallomics, which includes the techniques of imaging, spectroscopic, X-ray-based, ion beam, MS-based and atomic spectrometry.